Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski (M–K) model is widely used to predict material’s forming limit curve (FLC). The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress. However, it cannot be neglected in some forming processes. Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress. In addition, based on Nakazima test process, the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived, which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path. Here, initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy. Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model, the prediction model of FLC was established. The increase of thickness can enhance FLC. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model. On the left side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path. Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.     

有机高分子絮凝剂处理高浊度原水效果和机理研究

本文研究了有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＭ、ＣＴＡＢ及它们的复配ＰＡＭ＋ＣＴＡＢ处理高浊度原水的最佳实验条件、絮凝性能、效果和机理，为有机高分子絮凝剂的选择和管式絮凝器的研制提供了理论依据。     

航天器舷窗玻璃超高速撞击损伤与M/OD撞击风险评估

用北京卫星环境工程研究所的18mm口径二级轻气炮(TLGG)和20 J激光驱动微小飞片装置(LDFF-20)对用作航天器舷窗玻璃的熔融石英玻璃的超高速撞击损伤特性进行了实验研究和分析.其中,TLGG发射的球形铝弹丸直径分别为1 mm和3 mm,速度2～6.5 km/s;LDFF-20发射的圆柱形飞片厚度7 μm,直径1 mm,速度1～8.3 km/s.撞击结果为:对12 mm厚的熔融石英玻璃,直径为3mm的弹丸甚至在2.8 km/s的低速下就将其穿透,而直径为1 mm的弹丸在6.5km/s的高速下没有穿透,这说明弹丸直径对撞击损伤特性有很强的影响;LDFF-20发射的微小飞片的撞击仅在玻璃表面产生很浅的凹坑,没有裂纹产生,但微小飞片的累积撞击损伤明显地降低了玻璃的透光性.实验初步获得了侵彻深度PC、侵彻直径D1与弹丸撞击速度Vp、弹丸质量Mp之间的经验关系.依据实验结果和目前的微流星体/空间碎片(M/OD)环境工程模型,建议对于高度为400 km、轨道倾角42°、寿命为3年的典型航天器,其舷窗玻璃的临界安全(非穿透)厚度至少为12mm.     

位移序列多进制扩频通信方式

提出用 m序列的位移序列做扩频序列的多进制扩频通信方式 ,并给出了它的系统模型 ,分析了它的通信性能。理论分析证明 ,用 m序列的位移序列构成的多进制扩频通信方式具有很高的通信有效性和通信可靠性     

Effect of Counterface Material on Friction and Wear Behavior of Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS_2 Composites

Ni-Cr-W-Al-Ti-MoS2 self-lubricating composites were prepared through the powder metallurgy (P/M) method. Their friction properties were investigated by a pin-on-disk tribometer in the range from the room temperature to 600 ℃. Alumina, silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloys were selected as the counterface materials. Results indicate that the lowest friction coefficients under 0.22 can be obtained at 600 ℃ when rubbed against alumina. When rubbed against nickel-iron-sulfide alloys, are presented the lowest wear rates in the magnitude of 10-6 mm3/N·m, one order of magnitude lower than those when rubbed against ceramics. In the case of three rubbing pairs, the wear rates of the composite containing MoS2 present themselves inversely proportional to friction coefficients. With alumina ceramics used as a counterface, transfer films and glaze layers will form on the contact surface playing a main role in lubrication at high temperatures. However, when silicon nitride and nickel-iron-sulfide alloy are used, the lubricating transfer films appear not to be promi-nent.     

300M钢纯洁度磁粉检验磁痕现象的分析

采用交、直流磁粉检验并结合金相试验、电子探针试验及微量元素含量分析的方法，对３００Ｍ钢磁痕现象的本质进行了分析。结果表明，采用磁粉检验方法对航空优质钢进行纯洁度检验是可信的。     

国家财政主要支出项目与各项税收收入的最优化--回归分析在最优化中的应用研究实例

利用回归分析方法得到国家财政部分主要支出项目，部分税收收入与国内生产总值构成的回归方程，由此构成线性规划问题的约束方程组。再用M单纯形法求最优解。     

高超声速平头圆柱绕流化学反应流场的DSMC/EPSM混合算法研究

本文发展了平衡粒子模拟方法(EPSM)，建立了与高温气体化学反应动力学理论相匹配的EPSM耦合模型，并通过混合参数进行流区的自动识别，将EPSM方法与蒙特卡罗直接模拟方法(DSMC)结合，构造了可模拟化学反应流动的DSMC／EPSM混合算法。应用该算法对汲及化学反应的轴对称情况下高超声速平头圆柱绕流流场进行模拟，将结果与DSMC方法的结果进行比较，验证了新算法对求解化学反应流动的可行性。将混合算法的计算效率与DSMC方法的计算效率进行比较，发现混合算法能够大大提高计算效率。     

300M钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度场数值模拟研究

为了提高飞机起落架减震支柱300M超高强钢的抗磨性能,突破由于温度梯度过大诱发的激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层裂纹等技术瓶颈,基于ANSYS软件的生死单元法编制热循环程序,考虑自润滑相和耐磨相材料热物性参数随温度的变化、相变潜热、激光熔覆过程中与外界的换热、激光熔覆功率、激光熔覆扫描速率等因素对激光熔覆过程温度场、熔池、温度梯度的影响,建立300M超高强钢激光熔覆耐磨防腐自润滑涂层温度仿真模型。结果表明:基体的熔化需要激光、熔化的粉末等综合作用使传导到该区域的有效能量达到熔化的临界值,熔化高度增加率随激光功率的增加先降低后增加,熔化高度减少率随激光扫描速率的增加先变小后变大;由于激光熔覆的不同区域温度、冷却速率差异等综合因素影响,熔覆层熔池的纵截面为勺状熔池;伴随激光功率的增加,由于熔覆层不同区域对能量输入产生的温度响应速率差异导致Z方向温度梯度值增加,且最大冷却速率增加;伴随激光扫描速率的增加,激光输入能量降低,降低了高温区域温度及激光的快速局部加热等综合影响,Z方向温度梯度值降低。通过调控激光参数,在保持熔覆层结合强度的条件下,基体熔凝区能被控制到最小,并能够降低温度梯度。     

微电子封装技术及发展趋势综述

随着电子产品小型化、高集成度的发展趋势,电子产品的封装技术正逐步迈入微电子封装时代。本文对微电子封装的关键技术进行了介绍,介绍了芯片互连工艺、典型封装技术和MCM技术。同时,本文对微电子封装技术的发展趋势及应用前景进行了综述。